Electric Safety precautions

 

Question- What safety precautions should an electrical technician take care of?

  Answer- A person doing electrical work should avoid electric current carefully.  Accidents do not happen by themselves but are caused by accidents.  The following precautions should be taken while doing electrical work: 

1. Do not work on an electric machine by wearing loose clothes like dhoti, kurta, pajama etc. inside the workshop.

2. Electric shock can be easily avoided.  A little carelessness can cause power loss.  

3. Do not work barefoot, it is better if you work wearing rubber shoes.  

4. If a person is clinging to an electric wire and if the switch is not nearby, then disconnect that wire with an insulated plier.  If the switch is near, turn it off.  

5. A safety belt must be used when working on a tower or pole. 

6. When using the ladder, keep a helper necessary so that the ladder can be prevented from slipping and the helper can also hold tools etc. and electrical items.  

7. Always control the face wire or positive in the switch.  

8. Before connecting with the supply of any line, it should be seen that no other person is working on that line.  ,  

9. The switch should be turned off…

10. Before moving the table fan or portable appliance from one place to another, it should be separated from the supply.  

11. The flexible wire should never be pulled and separated from the plug point.  

12. No supply should be given to any conductor unless it is believed that it is in perfect condition and that no person is working there.  

13. Do not touch any electrical installation unnecessarily.  ,  

14. Whenever the battery is to be charged, all the windows of that room should be opened, never charge the battery in a closed room.  

15. While preparing electrolyte, put acid in water and not water in acid.  

16. Do not throw water on the live conductor and electrical equipment in case of fire, it is dangerous to do so.  A good solution is to immediately shut …

17. Earth Conductor should always be satisfactory because safety depends on good earth conductor.  

18. The line should not be touched until it is sure that the Over Head Line is closed or well-meaning.  K 

19. Do not tamper with the switch gear of any electrical installation, this device is for your safety.  

20. One should not look towards electrical welding without wearing proper glasses.

Question- What precautions should be taken while doing the following work.  

Answer- (1) While working on overhead line :-

• Work should be done by wearing a safety belt.  
• Work with insulated tools, rubber gloves in hand and oneself insulated.  
• If work is to be done by closing the line, then all the wires of the line should be shorted by an iron chain.  
• After closing the main switch, it should be written there in the provincial language that the person is working on the line. 
• A person should be seated near the main switch, if required.

(2) When working on a ladder: 

• (a) If a ladder is required to be installed, it must be of the correct length.  
• (b) The ladder must be held by a person.  

(3) When changing a blown fuse: 

• The main switch must be turned off before replacing the fuse.  
• Remove the fuse flue by opening the cover of the main switch and try to find out the reason for its blowing.  
• The fuse wire should be changed according to its capacity.  
• The fuse grip should be fitted to the main switch and the cover should be closed.  
• Now standing on the side of the handle, it should be turned on.

(4) In case of fire by lightning: 

• If the main switch is nearby, turn it off immediately.  
• Do not pour water on the fire as water being a conductor can be dangerous.  
• Add dry sand or clay to extinguish the fire.  
• Use a fire extinguisher (C.T.C.) to extinguish the fire.  Inside which carbon dioxide CO, or carbon tetra chloride gas is filled.  

(5) While charging the battery and making electrolyte: 

• (a) the room should be open so that air can pass through.  
• (b) Acid should be found in water and not acid in water.  
• (c) Drop by drop of acid should be poured into the side of the vessel, so that the 'endothermic reaction' can be controlled, otherwise a lot of heat will be generated.  
• (d) Do not bring any burning object where you are charging the battery.  
• (m) The positive of the battery should be connected to the positive of the supply and the negative of the battery should be connected to the negative.

Question- If a person is in touch with an electric line, how will he separate him from the line?  And how will you do it well?  

Answer- If the person is attached to the line or equipment, the following methods shall be adopted to separate him from that line or equipment first.  - 

• (a) Turn off the switch if it is nearby.  
• (b) Insulate yourself with a rubber mat, dry wood or rubber glove and isolate the person sticking.

If there are sparks coming out of the clothes after being separated from the power cord, then extinguish them and make sure that the patient is breathing or not.  Send someone and call the doctor.  Till the time the doctor comes, the following treatment will be done: 

Use of Dry Wood Plank: - If a person is in contact with that electrical device even after being shocked, then as far as possible, the rescuer should also be dry.  Standing on a wooden plank, the victim should be released, another way is to drag him by a dry rope made of coconut or boss.  It is more appropriate to stand on a rubber or other insulated dry mat.

Preliminary Steps: - If there is a spark of fire in the clothes of the victim, then extinguish it.  Is he breathing or not?  Check this out.  Send someone to call the doctor.  If he is not breathing properly, then before the arrival of the doctor, treat the victim according to the following first aid method. 

First Position: - To the victim picture no.  Lie face down, lean on the victim's back and place both your hands near his lower back rib in such a way that the fingers are open outwards.  And while touching each other both the thumbs go in parallel to the spine.

Fig No 1.1 amd 1.2

Second Position :- Fig No.2  Keeping your hands straight, keep moving and pressing forward slowly for about two minutes as shown in 2.  Now gradually reduce the pressure and come to the first position with your knees, repeat this sequence for about 15 times in a minute, its effect will be on the contraction of the victim's lung.  In this way the breath will start coming, keep doing this action continuously.  It may take half an hour or more for this action to take effect until natural breathing resumes.  When the victim starts breathing, it is best that the operator continues with his breathing movements until he is able to breathe rapidly.

                     When the victim regains natural breathing, yet artificial respiration should not be stopped completely.  It is often found that the victim stops breathing again after some temporary improvement, so it is necessary to keep the attention on the victim and if he stops breathing naturally, then the process of giving artificial respiration will start again soon.  Should be done

Note: - Always remember that give something to an unconscious person to drink.  This could cause him to suffocate.

Alternative Method: - Sometimes it is also beneficial to make the victim or sick sleep on the back side.  In this situation, first loosen the clothes on his chest and stomach and then put a pillow under his shoulders ie his head should be backwards and tongue should be out, and do further actions as written below.  

First Motion: - The operator should be in a kneeling position as shown in the picture, hold the victim slightly by the elbow and stretch the arms from the head to the horizontal position.  Keep the arms in the same position for about two seconds.

Fig No 1.3

Second Motion: - Now bring the victim's arms down on both sides of his chest and press in such a way that his chest starts to shrink.  Keep this position for at least two seconds.  Repeat in the same way in both the above cases.  Keep the victim's tongue out each time the lungs are inflated.  (Figure 1.3) And it is always beneficial to release the tongue while contracting and pressing the lungs.  (Figure 1 4) 

Second Method: - The following method of reviving by mouth is becoming more and more popular day by day.  If the face is not clean, then wipe it clean by rubbing the victim from the back side.

Fig No 1.4

Place one hand under the victim's neck while the other hand tilts his head back and down as far as possible so that his chin is up.

     Now open your mouth and place it on the victim's mouth and close his nose with your fingers.  To inflate the chest of the victim, blow hard in his mouth and remove your mouth till the air comes back.

     If you do not feel breathlessness, examine the head and jaw.  Make sure that the mouth and throat are clean.  And the tongue is not obstructing the passage of air.  Try mouth breathing again.  

      If you still do not feel breathlessness, turn the victim around and pat his shoulders vigorously, so that if any particles block the throat, it is removed.  If the victim is a young male, blow vigorously after every five minutes.  It would be okay to blow a handkerchief over the victim's mouth.

General: - Due to an excessive pressure on the body, the inner senses can be harmed.  So all this work should be done gradually.  

Upon recovery: If the burn area is severe, then an oil bandage can be applied.  To protect the victim from cold, no medicine should be given without the advice of the doctor, some light cold water to drink and medicine can be given. 

Question: What is electricity?  What is the relation of electricity to matter?  

Answer: Regarding electricity, scholars are of the opinion that all matter is electrified.  Electricity is present in every substance.  For example, if a piece of glass is rubbed with silk, then such a characteristic is created in it, due to which it starts pulling the pieces of paper towards itself.  Can not see electricity but can know by its effect whether there is electricity or not.

Electronic Theory Regarding the structure of the atom, scholars are of the opinion that each atom consists of protons, electrons and neutrons, in the center of each atom, a nucleus or nucleus in which electrons revolve around the proton nuclei in an elliptical orbit.  Live like 

       that other planets revolve around the Sun.  The electron mass is 1/1845 of the proton quantity.  In the nearest orbit to the nucleus, the orbiting electrons are in a more attractive bond as the distance of the axis from the nucleus is increased and the free rotation of the electrons increases.  If freely rotating electrons are affected by some other pressure and given to a medium, then the electrons move away from their axis and get affected by the given medium.  This electronic flow is called electric current. 

If freely rotating electrons are affected by some other pressure and given to a medium, then the electrons move away from their axis and get affected by the given medium.  This electronic flow is called electric current.  In this way, electricity is that natural power found in more or less quantity in all substances.  which has the capacity to work.  

       Any instrument which has the capacity to do work is called energy holder.  Thus we can say that electricity is an energy.  Which is invisible.  can be known only by effects.  

      Can be obtained by expending any kind of energy.  In any case, electricity is kinetic energy.